REAL APPS,
REAL RAILS.

MoonPay

Global onramp giant with swap, NFT and developer APIs.

Dedicated named US/EU deposit accounts for bank-to-wallet flows.

MoonPay

Global onramp giant with swap, NFT and developer APIs.

Token deposits and bank-to-wallet funding through MoonPay Virtual Accounts.

ZeroDev

Smart-wallet infrastructure for EVM apps with social login, passkeys, account abstraction, and sponsored gas.

ZeroDev smart-wallet custody with social login, passkeys, and sponsored gas across EVM (except Ethereum mainnet). Solana custody is Avici-native, with 5 free transactions/day before users pay SOL.

USDC

Fully-reserved USD stablecoin issued by Circle on Ethereum, Solana, and most major EVM L2s.

Users deposit USDC into a loan escrow smart contract to unlock USD credit balance.

Ethereum

High-security settlement ledger for institutional stablecoin and tokenized-asset flows.

User wallet balances, USDC collateral, swaps, and onchain loan escrow settle across supported EVM and Solana rails.

Relay Protocol

Fast cross-chain swap powered by Reservoir's relayer network.

Relay integration auto-swaps tokens in the background across supported SPL and EVM assets to top up card spend and route deposits.

Jupiter Lend

Solana-native lending and yield protocol from the Jupiter ecosystem; powers earn surfaces in consumer apps like Avici.

Grow and Smart Credit partners for earn and credit surfaces.

Rain

Stablecoin-backed Visa card issuing for fintechs and wallets.

USDC liquidation and routing into card-network settlement appears to be handled by Rain or Avici-owned orchestration; no separate provider verified yet.

Rain

Stablecoin-backed Visa card issuing for fintechs and wallets.

User-issued secured credit card model backed by USDC escrow; docs say Rain, Avici, and Visa do not control the loan contract.

Rain

Stablecoin-backed Visa card issuing for fintechs and wallets.

Rain is the named card infrastructure partner and handles program controls for stablecoin card issuance; exact KYC vendor not separately disclosed.

Rain

Stablecoin-backed Visa card issuing for fintechs and wallets.

Funding can come from stablecoin and crypto balances; exact fiat funding provider is not fully disclosed.

USDC

Fully-reserved USD stablecoin issued by Circle on Ethereum, Solana, and most major EVM L2s.

USDC and EURC are the core spend/funding assets referenced in public ether.fi Cash materials.

Optimism

Ethereum L2 settlement ledger for appchain-style fintech deployments and low-cost transfers.

ether.fi Cash publicly migrated card activity to OP Mainnet for lower-cost settlement.

Rain

Stablecoin-backed Visa card issuing for fintechs and wallets.

Rain powers stablecoin card conversion/liquidation into card-network settlement.

Rain

Stablecoin-backed Visa card issuing for fintechs and wallets.

The card program is documented as Visa-based, with Third National named in cardholder terms and Rain as the stablecoin card platform.

Sumsub

Global KYC, KYB and AML platform with document, biometric and business verification.

Gnosis Pay public partner materials name Sumsub for KYC verification; KYT/fraud monitoring vendor is not publicly disclosed.

Monerium

EU-licensed e-money issuer of EURe/GBPe with IBAN-native onchain accounts and SEPA cash-in/out rails.

Monerium provides personal IBAN rails used to cash in and cash out from the onchain account.

Monerium

EU-licensed e-money issuer of EURe/GBPe with IBAN-native onchain accounts and SEPA cash-in/out rails.

SEPA/IBAN transfers mint or fund supported fiat tokens on Gnosis Chain.

Safe

Battle-tested smart-contract wallet protocol used by major DAOs, treasuries, and consumer card programs like Gnosis Pay.

Users spend from a Safe-based Gnosis Card Safe tied to their Gnosis Pay account.

EURe

Euro-denominated e-money stablecoin issued by Monerium under EU EMI license; native on Gnosis Chain with multi-chain support.

Gnosis Pay supports Monerium fiat tokens and USDCe as card-spendable balances.

Gnosis Chain

EVM-compatible settlement ledger optimized for stablecoin payments, used by Gnosis Pay for card-spend settlement.

The user account and card-safe balance settle on Gnosis Chain.

LI.FI

Cross-chain swap and bridge aggregator API for app developers.

Users can bridge or swap into supported spendable assets through documented routes such as Li.Fi and DEX tooling.

Monerium

EU-licensed e-money issuer of EURe/GBPe with IBAN-native onchain accounts and SEPA cash-in/out rails.

Monerium enables cash-out from supported onchain fiat tokens back through IBAN/SEPA rails.

Monavate

UK-licensed BIN sponsor and issuer-processor for Visa card programs, including Gnosis Pay.

Gnosis Pay names Monavate and Paymentology as key card program partners on Visa rails.

Sumsub

Global KYC, KYB and AML platform with document, biometric and business verification.

Tria verified that Sumsub powers KYC/B verification.

Noxxo

Virtual account infrastructure partner for Tria's upcoming bank-account flows.

Tria verified that virtual accounts are powered by Noah and Noxxo, with launch planned around June 2026.

Turnkey

Secure key-management infrastructure with HSM-grade policy controls.

Tria verified that custody/key-management is powered by Turnkey.

USDC

Fully-reserved USD stablecoin issued by Circle on Ethereum, Solana, and most major EVM L2s.

Tria verified that it supports any token and any chain through chain abstraction, so effectively all stablecoins can work; USDC is the representative master-list stablecoin row.

BestPath AVS

Tria's intent-routing and chain-abstraction layer for selecting swap, bridge, payment, and gas paths across supported networks.

BestPath AVS supports all chains as settlement paths across EVM, Solana, Cosmos, Move-based chains, Bitcoin, and other VM environments.

BestPath AVS

Tria's intent-routing and chain-abstraction layer for selecting swap, bridge, payment, and gas paths across supported networks.

BestPath AVS is Tria's verified chain-abstraction and intent-routing layer for swaps, card top-ups, payments, gas abstraction, and bridge routing.

Upshift

Yield infrastructure powering Tria's earn product with stated yields up to 15%.

Tria verified that its earn product, with stated yields up to 15%, is powered by Upshift.

Third National

US-chartered bank and Visa-network issuer powering stablecoin-backed card programs, including Rain-powered cards for ether.fi Cash and KAST.

Tria US card terms identify Third National as issuer; Tria help and product pages describe Visa-network card spend.

Link

Stripe-owned identity and payments profile used by Phantom Cash for KYC identity verification.

Phantom documents identity verification for Cash offchain features as handled by Link, a Stripe company.

Bridge

Stablecoin orchestration and issuance API for fintechs and PSPs. Acquired by Stripe.

Bridge powers US bank deposits, withdrawals, direct deposit, and domestic wire flows for Phantom Cash.

Stripe

Stripe Crypto onramp and USDC payouts integrated with the Stripe platform.

Stripe handles funding through linked US bank accounts, debit cards, and Apple Pay; Bridge also handles direct deposit and domestic wire funding.

Phantom Wallet

Self-custodial wallet and embedded cash-account experience used for Phantom Cash balances, usernames, sends, swaps, and app access.

The Cash account is a separate Solana address tied to the user's Phantom profile; Phantom describes it as self-custodial and controlled by the user.

CASH

USD-pegged SPL stablecoin on Solana used as the onchain balance for Phantom Cash accounts and card spend.

CASH is the USD-pegged SPL stablecoin held in Phantom Cash accounts and shown to users as a USD balance.

Solana

High-throughput settlement ledger for real-time payments, trading and consumer wallets.

CASH is an SPL token on Solana, and Phantom Cash peer-to-peer transfers and wallet sends settle on Solana.

Phantom Wallet

Self-custodial wallet and embedded cash-account experience used for Phantom Cash balances, usernames, sends, swaps, and app access.

Phantom Cash lets users swap Solana tokens into and out of CASH directly in the Cash account.

Bridge

Stablecoin orchestration and issuance API for fintechs and PSPs. Acquired by Stripe.

Bridge manages USD-to-CASH conversions for bank transactions and draws CASH from the Cash account, converts it to USD, and pays card merchants like a standard Visa transaction.

Lead Bank

US bank issuer named for Phantom Cash's prepaid Visa debit card, with Bridge Ventures LLC as program manager.

The Phantom Cash prepaid Visa debit card is issued by Lead Bank, with Bridge Ventures LLC as program manager and Visa acceptance.

Banxa

Australia-licensed global ramp aggregator with widget and API.

Yoroi's current help and EMURGO materials identify Banxa as Yoroi's integrated fiat on-ramp partner; EMURGO says Yoroi Wallet is evolving into SecondFi.

Yoroi Wallet

Self-custodial Cardano wallet infrastructure that EMURGO says is evolving into SecondFi.

SecondFi is self-custodial and powered by Yoroi Wallet infrastructure, which EMURGO says is evolving into SecondFi.

USDC

Fully-reserved USD stablecoin issued by Circle on Ethereum, Solana, and most major EVM L2s.

Wirex's SecondFi card announcement names USDC and stablecoins among supported spend assets.

Cardano

Proof-of-stake L1 settlement network used by Cardano-native wallets, assets, and neofinance apps.

SecondFi is tied to the Cardano ecosystem through EMURGO and Yoroi Wallet, with Cardano used as the verified settlement-network row.

Wirex

Veteran crypto-debit card with consumer and BaaS programs.

Wirex infrastructure enables SecondFi users to spend assets from their own wallets anywhere Visa is accepted, implying the card-spend conversion path.

Wirex

Veteran crypto-debit card with consumer and BaaS programs.

Wirex announced it is issuing/powering SecondFi's first self-custodial card for Visa merchant spend.

Payy Wallet

Non-custodial banking app on Payy Network for private stablecoin storage, deposits, withdrawals, send links, and payments.

Payy Wallet supports deposits from banks, crypto exchanges, blockchains, and a Polygon smart-contract bridge; fiat conversion partners are described as licensed but not named.

Payy Wallet

Non-custodial banking app on Payy Network for private stablecoin storage, deposits, withdrawals, send links, and payments.

Payy Wallet is non-custodial, with the private key stored on the user's device and accessible only by the user.

PUSD

Payy USD, the native USD stablecoin and gas/payment token for Payy Network.

PUSD is Payy's native USD stablecoin and gas/payment token; Payy Card docs also identify USDC as the card-spend asset from Payy Wallet.

Payy Network

Privacy-first EVM-compatible stablecoin L2 rollup on Ethereum with native zero-knowledge privacy and payment-focused transaction features.

Payy Network is an Ethereum-secured EVM-compatible ZK L2 rollup that settles private stablecoin payments and card debits using Payy Network transactions.

Payy Wallet

Non-custodial banking app on Payy Network for private stablecoin storage, deposits, withdrawals, send links, and payments.

Payy Wallet abstracts blockchains, addresses, keys, and protocols for stablecoin movement and link-based payments; no external swap aggregator is named.

Payy Wallet

Non-custodial banking app on Payy Network for private stablecoin storage, deposits, withdrawals, send links, and payments.

Payy Wallet supports withdrawals and Payy Card spend from the wallet balance; underlying fiat off-ramp partners are not publicly named.

Rain

Stablecoin-backed Visa card issuing for fintechs and wallets.

Payy documents a secured-credit Visa Platinum card, and Payy publicly announced a Rain partnership to add privacy-preserving settlement to Rain's stablecoin card program; the issuer is only disclosed as U.S.-based.

Sumsub

Global KYC, KYB and AML platform with document, biometric and business verification.

RedotPay publicly lists Sumsub and Elliptic as partners; Sumsub is used as the master-list compliance provider while the exact verification workflow is not public.

Paybis

Global card and bank-transfer ramp with offramp.

RedotPay publicly lists Paybis as a partner and offers stablecoin access through P2P and funding flows; exact onramp orchestration varies by product.

Fireblocks

MPC-based institutional custody and tokenization platform used by exchanges, banks, and fintechs for digital-asset wallets.

RedotPay publicly lists Fireblocks among its partners on its secure-custodian/partner page.

USDT

Most widely-held USD stablecoin issued by Tether across Ethereum, Tron, Solana, and other major chains.

RedotPay supports USDT and USDC among other payment assets; USDT is used here as the primary stablecoin row because the product is positioned around stablecoin spending.

Solana

High-throughput settlement ledger for real-time payments, trading and consumer wallets.

RedotPay lists Solana, Polygon, Arbitrum, Sui, TON, Tether, Ripple, and other ecosystem partners; Solana is the master-list settlement provider used for this row.

Visa

Global card network used by nearly every stablecoin card program for merchant settlement across 200+ countries.

RedotPay terms list Hong Kong and Singapore Visa card programs; help docs describe virtual and physical cards for global spending.

Wirex

Veteran crypto-debit card with consumer and BaaS programs.

Wirex describes stablecoin-powered bank accounts and payment connectivity through its BaaS infrastructure.

Wirex

Veteran crypto-debit card with consumer and BaaS programs.

Wirex provides stablecoin and crypto account funding, card issuing, and banking/payment connectivity for consumer and BaaS flows.

Fireblocks

MPC-based institutional custody and tokenization platform used by exchanges, banks, and fintechs for digital-asset wallets.

Wirex Pay Chain is officially supported on Fireblocks for institutional self-custodial stablecoin payment infrastructure.

USDC

Fully-reserved USD stablecoin issued by Circle on Ethereum, Solana, and most major EVM L2s.

Wirex and Stellar announced dual-stablecoin Visa settlement using USDC and EURC on Stellar.

Stellar

Payment-focused settlement ledger optimized for remittance and fiat-token movement.

Wirex's USDC/EURC Visa settlement is live on the Stellar network.

Wirex

Veteran crypto-debit card with consumer and BaaS programs.

Wirex provides the card-spend conversion and payment connectivity layer from stablecoin or crypto balances into merchant card payments.

Wirex

Veteran crypto-debit card with consumer and BaaS programs.

Wirex is a principal member of Visa and Mastercard and provides card issuing infrastructure for its own and partner card programs.

Plasma

Stablecoin-optimized L1 with zero-fee USDT transfers and sub-second blocks, purpose-built for payments.

The app is marketed as self-custodial with hardware-backed keys.

USDT

Most widely-held USD stablecoin issued by Tether across Ethereum, Tron, Solana, and other major chains.

USD₮ is the primary stablecoin asset for the Plasma One account and card experience.

Plasma

Stablecoin-optimized L1 with zero-fee USDT transfers and sub-second blocks, purpose-built for payments.

Plasma is the stablecoin-optimized blockchain ledger used for app settlement.

Plasma

Stablecoin-optimized L1 with zero-fee USDT transfers and sub-second blocks, purpose-built for payments.

Plasma One markets up to 5% yield through the Plasma onchain ecosystem.

Rain

Stablecoin-backed Visa card issuing for fintechs and wallets.

Plasma states Rain powers card issuance infrastructure, including converting digital dollars into card spend.

Rain

Stablecoin-backed Visa card issuing for fintechs and wallets.

Plasma One card is issued by Signify Holdings, Inc. pursuant to a license from Visa; Rain provides the underlying stablecoin card-issuance infrastructure.

Based App

Crypto card and trading app with MoonPay onramp, Fireblocks custody, USDT/USDC funding, and Visa debit card spend.

Based card terms describe account and card controls, but the compliance provider is not publicly named.

MoonPay

Global onramp giant with swap, NFT and developer APIs.

MoonPay is the verified onramp provider for Based funding flows.

Fireblocks

MPC-based institutional custody and tokenization platform used by exchanges, banks, and fintechs for digital-asset wallets.

Fireblocks is the verified custody provider for Based wallet and account infrastructure.

USDT

Most widely-held USD stablecoin issued by Tether across Ethereum, Tron, Solana, and other major chains.

Based supports USDT and USDC for funding and spend flows.

Solana

High-throughput settlement ledger for real-time payments, trading and consumer wallets.

Based documentation references these networks for deposits, trading, or card top-ups.

Based App

Crypto card and trading app with MoonPay onramp, Fireblocks custody, USDT/USDC funding, and Visa debit card spend.

Based includes trading surfaces and Hyperliquid-linked flows; exact swap execution provider is not fully disclosed.

Based App

Crypto card and trading app with MoonPay onramp, Fireblocks custody, USDT/USDC funding, and Visa debit card spend.

Based auto-converts crypto or stablecoins into fiat/card spend at merchants; the underlying off-ramp provider is undisclosed.

Based App

Crypto card and trading app with MoonPay onramp, Fireblocks custody, USDT/USDC funding, and Visa debit card spend.

Based markets a Visa debit card for merchant spend.

MoneyGram

Global remittance network adding app-native stablecoin balances, retail cash-in/cash-out, and MGUSD distribution.

MoneyGram brings the regulated remittance/compliance network; Bridge is named as the regulated issuer for MGUSD. A separate app KYC/KYT vendor is not disclosed in the launch materials.

MoneyGram

Global remittance network adding app-native stablecoin balances, retail cash-in/cash-out, and MGUSD distribution.

MoneyGram's ramp product already supports cash-in and wallet funding for Stellar USDC; MGUSD launch materials imply MoneyGram's retail network will be the distribution layer, but MGUSD-specific ramp coverage is still emerging.

Crossmint

Wallets, checkout and ramp infrastructure with NFT and AI agent tooling.

Crossmint powers the embedded customer wallet experience for MoneyGram's stablecoin balance, while Fireblocks provides wallet infrastructure for MoneyGram-held MGUSD before funds are sent to customer wallets in the MoneyGram app.

Bridge

Stablecoin orchestration and issuance API for fintechs and PSPs. Acquired by Stripe.

MGUSD is MoneyGram's native U.S. dollar stablecoin for app balances, cross-border sends, and local-currency conversion across the MoneyGram network.

Stellar

Payment-focused settlement ledger optimized for remittance and fiat-token movement.

MGUSD is natively issued on Stellar at launch, extending MoneyGram's existing Stellar-based cash-in/cash-out and USDC rail work.

MoneyGram

Global remittance network adding app-native stablecoin balances, retail cash-in/cash-out, and MGUSD distribution.

MoneyGram's existing ramp product supports Stellar-based stablecoin cash-out; the launch positions MGUSD for conversion into local currency through MoneyGram's global network.

Deel

Global payroll and HR platform adding stablecoin pay-ins and salary payouts for employees and contractors.

Deel keeps fiat payroll, stablecoin pay-ins, salary payout eligibility, employee verification, payroll cutoff controls, and employer enablement under one compliance layer.

Bridge

Stablecoin orchestration and issuance API for fintechs and PSPs. Acquired by Stripe.

Bridge is the existing catalog provider for stablecoin orchestration and virtual-account infrastructure in the Deel stack.

Bridge

Stablecoin orchestration and issuance API for fintechs and PSPs. Acquired by Stripe.

Bridge handles the stablecoin pay-in and fiat-to-stablecoin orchestration layer for employer funding flows.

Privy

Embedded wallets and auth for consumer crypto apps. Acquired by Stripe.

Privy is the existing catalog provider for embedded wallet and auth infrastructure in the Deel stack.

DLUSD

Deal USD stablecoin used in Deel's stablecoin payroll stack.

DLUSD, Deal USD, is the stablecoin used in the Deel stablecoin payroll stack.

Tempo

Payments-first L1 incubated by Paradigm and Stripe for high-throughput stablecoin payments, deterministic settlement, stablecoin-native gas, payment metadata, onchain FX, and machine payments.

Tempo is the chain/settlement rail for the stack, with Deel also documenting Tempo as a supported USDT funding network.

Morpho

DeFi lending protocol and vault infrastructure used for stablecoin yield strategies.

Morpho provides the lending/yield infrastructure, with Sentora named as the institutional DeFi risk and vault curation layer.

Bridge

Stablecoin orchestration and issuance API for fintechs and PSPs. Acquired by Stripe.

Bridge handles the stablecoin payout/off-ramp orchestration for employee wallet flows.

Altitude

Self-custodial financial operating system for businesses with stablecoin accounts, fiat rails, FX, rewards, operations tooling and cards.

Altitude/Squads owns eligibility, identity and business verification, sanctions screening, ongoing compliance monitoring, account controls, and product access rules.

Altitude

Self-custodial financial operating system for businesses with stablecoin accounts, fiat rails, FX, rewards, operations tooling and cards.

Altitude advertises named USD and EUR accounts plus ACH, Wire, SEPA, SWIFT, and stablecoin rails; banking connectivity is disclosed as third-party partner infrastructure.

Bridge

Stablecoin orchestration and issuance API for fintechs and PSPs. Acquired by Stripe.

Altitude discloses stablecoin rails and fiat-to-stablecoin ramping; stablecoins are issued by Circle and Bridge, with fiat rail connectivity through third-party partners.

Squads

Solana smart account and self-custody infrastructure behind Altitude Accounts.

Altitude Accounts are self-custodial digital asset accounts deployed on Solana via the Squads Protocol; Squads does not take custody of customer funds.

USDC

Fully-reserved USD stablecoin issued by Circle on Ethereum, Solana, and most major EVM L2s.

Squads terms define Altitude Accounts as managing stablecoins such as USDC and EURC; Altitude also says balances are held in stablecoins issued by Circle and Bridge.

Solana

High-throughput settlement ledger for real-time payments, trading and consumer wallets.

Altitude Accounts are deployed on Solana via the Squads Protocol, making Solana the disclosed account and stablecoin settlement layer.

Altitude

Self-custodial financial operating system for businesses with stablecoin accounts, fiat rails, FX, rewards, operations tooling and cards.

Altitude advertises rewards/APY on balances backed 1:1 by short-term U.S. Treasuries; terms describe rewards funded from incentives earned through third-party services.

Bridge

Stablecoin orchestration and issuance API for fintechs and PSPs. Acquired by Stripe.

Altitude supports fiat rail transactions and stablecoin transfers through third-party services; Bridge is the disclosed stablecoin infrastructure provider alongside Circle.

Visa

Global card network used by nearly every stablecoin card program for merchant settlement across 200+ countries.

Altitude Card is positioned as a corporate card for teams that run on stablecoins, accepted at Visa merchants worldwide.

Sumsub

Global KYC, KYB and AML platform with document, biometric and business verification.

Sumsub powers Kosh's KYC/KYB verification and compliance onboarding for individual and business accounts.

Bridge

Stablecoin orchestration and issuance API for fintechs and PSPs. Acquired by Stripe.

US ACH/wire and global virtual deposit accounts routed through Bridge, Iron, and Mesta (with additional partners undisclosed).

MoonPay

Global onramp giant with swap, NFT and developer APIs.

Fiat onramp via MoonPay; bank-to-wallet stablecoin funding via Bridge virtual accounts.

Privy

Embedded wallets and auth for consumer crypto apps. Acquired by Stripe.

User wallets use Privy embedded-wallet auth wrapping a Circle programmable account; card collateral is held in Rain-managed smart contracts.

USDC

Fully-reserved USD stablecoin issued by Circle on Ethereum, Solana, and most major EVM L2s.

USDC is the primary held and spend asset (via Circle); USDT is supported for deposits and payouts.

Ethereum

High-security settlement ledger for institutional stablecoin and tokenized-asset flows.

Balances, deposits, and card top-ups settle across supported EVM networks and Solana.

Socket

A unified routing engine for payments, swaps and deposits all working cross-chain with 1000s of assets and chains supported out of box with a single API and widget

Socket powers unified cross-chain routing for swaps, deposits, and card top-ups across supported EVM and Solana assets.

Fluid

DeFi lending and liquidity protocol from Instadapp; provides smart-credit and earn infrastructure for consumer apps.

Fluid provides the lending and yield surface backing Kosh's earn product on supported EVM networks.

Bridge

Stablecoin orchestration and issuance API for fintechs and PSPs. Acquired by Stripe.

Stablecoin-to-fiat offramp routed through Bridge, Iron, and Mesta (with additional partners undisclosed).

Rain

Stablecoin-backed Visa card issuing for fintechs and wallets.

Visa card managed by Rain Holdings and issued by Third National per Kosh's cardholder agreement.